Quick actions into your application
We’ve seen shortcuts that appear on WhatsApp, Facebook, Google Chrome, etc on our applications. They are useful when you want quick navigations into the application without going through the long process once instead. Implementing is not difficult at all; we just need to add some configurations that will do the trick.
Static Shortcuts
These are shortcuts that don’t change based on the data of the application. Like opening a new tab on Google Chrome. They will always be present for you on the home screen.
- Let’s start by creating an
xml-v25folder underres/; and create a file calledshortcuts.xml. You can name this file anything you wish, but the folder names must be exact. - Instead of
<resources></resources>, we need to use the<shortcuts></shortcuts>tag instead. All our static shortcuts will be defined here. - Let’s define a basic shortcut by adding a
<shortcut/>tag here.
| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> | |
| <shortcuts xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> | |
| <shortcut | |
| android:shortcutId="mainShortcut" | |
| android:enabled="true" | |
| android:shortcutShortLabel="@string/shortcut_main_short_label"> | |
| </shortcut> | |
| </shortcuts> |
Each shortcut will need a shortcutId and a shortcutShortLabel.
4. Inside this, we need to define an Intent. Intents are ways you can enter the application with the shortcut. For the basic one, let’s simply add an intent to the MainActivity with an extra.
| <shortcuts xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> | |
| <shortcut | |
| android:shortcutId="mainShortcut" | |
| android:enabled="true" | |
| android:shortcutShortLabel="@string/shortcut_main_short_label"> | |
| <intent | |
| android:action="android.intent.action.VIEW" | |
| android:targetPackage="com.nishant.shortcuts" | |
| android:targetClass="com.nishant.shortcuts.MainActivity"> | |
| <extra android:name="content_key" android:value="Msg from shortcut" /> | |
| </intent> | |
| </shortcut> | |
| </shortcuts> |
When the user clicks on the shortcut that says “Main”, then an Intent will be sent to the MainActivity with the key content_key and the String extra “Msg from shortcut”
5. Retrieving the extra in MainActivity. We can simply get the extra as we normally do:
val shortcutExtra = intent.getStringExtra("content_key") ?: ""
textView.text = shortcutExtra
6. Don’t forget to register this in your AndroidManifest.xml. You must add the shortcuts configuration within the launcher activity declaration.
| <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" | |
| package="com.nishant.shortcuts"> | |
| <application ...> | |
| <activity android:name=".MainActivity"> | |
| <intent-filter> | |
| <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> | |
| <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> | |
| </intent-filter> | |
| <!-- Adding shortcuts config inside launcher activity --> | |
| <meta-data | |
| android:name="android.app.shortcuts" | |
| android:resource="@xml/shortcuts" /> | |
| </activity> | |
| </application> | |
| </manifest> |
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Voilà! You have now added a static shortcut to your application
Dynamic Shortcuts
Alongside Static Shortcuts, you may also want to create some Shortcuts whose data is dependent on a network call, for example. In WhatsApp, you have 3 shortcuts to the most recent chats — which are always changing. In this scenario, you would want to specify the shortcut via code.
| const val SHORTCUT_SECOND_ID = "id_second" | |
| @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.N_MR1) | |
| fun createNewShortcut() { | |
| val shortcutManager = getSystemService(context, ShortcutManager::class.java) | |
| val secondActivity = ShortcutInfo.Builder(context, SHORTCUT_SECOND_ID) | |
| .setShortLabel("Main") | |
| .setIntents(arrayOf( | |
| /* you should start with the Launcher Activity */ | |
| Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, null, context, MainActivity::class.java), | |
| Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, null, context, SecondActivity::class.java) | |
| )) | |
| .build() | |
| shortcutManager!!.dynamicShortcuts = listOf(secondActivity) | |
| } |
We are applying the same logic as we did before with the Static shortcuts. However, here you can pass parameters and set a custom label and custom intents based on the action you would want to have.
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This article was originally published on proandroiddev.com on June 03, 2022
